Mujeeb Ahmed Saand -Sindhi Journalism- 1 Eng

Sindhi Journalism 1

سنڌي صحافت ۽ اخبار نويسي پسمنظر ۽ تاريخ

 Sindhi to English

Mujeeb Ahmed Saand

Roll no: 2k18\mc\107

 

The knowledge and work of journalism which was only limited to written and print (print media) earlier, along with the development of the science and technology, not only enters in the era of electronic media (Radio and Television), but now the inventon of the internet has increased his importance, imagination and speed too. Sindhi newspapers and magzines has become online, web radios are also set up,even the trend of sindhi writing on social media also begins. We can imagine the speed of journalism earlier that any news takes many days even weeks to reach far that place. For Example: in 1805 when Admiral Lord Nelson was killed in ship in the war of Trefilger that news takes 2 weeks to reach London. Leutnant from the royal army reached London along with this news while traveling through ship. After  London this news reached more lately in other cities on England. After this for hundred years the communication sources does not increase so much, except that buses and trains starts moving. Journalism got large arms when the Radio was invented in 1920. During second world war from 1939 to 1945 the news of BBC overwhelmed and newspapers feel danger because of Radio transmission, but in 1956 the Television was also invented. In November 1963 when American president John.F.Candy was murdered in Dallas, Texas, this news spreds all over the world in few seconds. And the cause was Radio and Television. The trensmissions of the BBC news were so strong, so it can be hear also in Sindh. Sorhya Badshah Shaheed Sabgatullah also had a Radio, in which he used to listen BBC news not only he used to listened he used to be well known about stepm forwards and every movement of Birtish army, but he also acknowledges his Hur Mujahids and get them ready to live according to the conditions. The less development of the communcation sources in sindh. The sindhi  newspapers published from Karachi used to reach in sunset or even next day in far areasin seventies of 20^th century. The bundles of newspapers put in to the Buses and Trains and the distribution of the newspapers also depends to the arrival of these vehicle. The starting of 21^st century take changes like the newspaper  institutions started printing and distribution of same newspapers from more than one cities, with this strategy the newspaper reaches every where early in the morning, without any delay. In this time many newspapers are published from Karachi,Hyderabad and Sukkur at the same time. Due to importance of journalism not only the institutions on education of journalism were set up in many  Universities of world, but the journalism is no longer limited to news there for there names had been renaimed as Mass Communication, in which the knowledge of Print Media,Electronic Media and advertising is taught. Like wise the oublic relations are also important part of Mass Communication, in which to make the handouts and press release for going in government and private sector institutions of public relations are taught. In sindh during the days of Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto’s government in the begning of 1970’s the department of Mass Communicaton was eastablished in Karachi University, after this in 1975 the same department was established in University of Sindh Jamshoro, where masters degree is given many sindhi students had got the degree of mass communication from these universities.

Begning of printing in sindhi:

                                                                    The printing in sindhi was started from 1948 and the the first sindhi book was printed in 1958. According to the book History of Indian literature(volume 9 part 1 and 2) the first usage of sundhi typing held in London in 1958, when the sindhi reading book of Arniest Trump was printed. After this success the asylum of Sasui Punhoo was printed In 1863. The Shah Jo risalo of Arniest Trump was printed in 1866 in Liepzig, Germany. Any way it was incomplete, in which the chapters were not in sequence. After 3 years in 1869 the first letter press was setup. Where the first sindhi newspaper was published. The English rulers established Christian schools here, where the Bible was translated and printed in sindhi for teqaching.with it Sindhi prose writing and printing begins. Hence according to the procedure of printing of that time 1848it was told the period of sindhi printing, but historical historcal  facts tells that sindhi sindhi printing took place in different ways before it. In institute of Sindhiology Jamshoro there are more than three hundred hand written books and periodicals of 1684 on topics of Quran, Hadith, jurisprudence, Poetry, History and Medicine etc. are available other than that the stats of historical  newspaper Akhbar Al Waheed (1920 to 1950) English newspaper Sindh Qasid (1854 to 1857), sSindh sudhoor(1878) and English newspaper Daily Gazette(1921 to 1931) are also available.

An overview of journalism in Sindh:

The corespondence of journalism is known before 10^th century. From the 10^th century to the half of 19^th century means till the arrivals of Birtishers in Sindh the persian language was present here. Even  the richness of sindhi was confirmed by Tourist, Historian Istakhri, Ibn E hauql and Muqadsi during the 10^th century. But the literery and offical language was mostly Persian. Apparently in this situation the newspaper (then it was in any shape) were also in persian language. According to the Hakeem Fateh Muhammad Sehwani during the mughal period atleast three newspapers were daily issued one by Bukkur Government, second by Sevestan Government and third by Thatta Government, in which most of which was printed about top class engagements, Hobbies, hunts, appoitments and exchange that we can say government handout of that time. As the government handouts of today’s governments continues. That newspaper or handout were written from people and were distributed in high class people. According to Hakeem Sahib the office of the daily newspaper namely “Events of Sevestan Government” was at the bank of the “Aral seal” in sehwan. Syed Abdul Jaleel Bilgrami and Syed Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami stayed much time in Sehwan in the period of Mughal. There work was to keep informed to Dehli Government of the situation here. They both were good event writters, in those there were also some arrangements of sending events and and presenting in Bukkur and Thatta except Thatta. Azad Bilgrami was the student of the great scholar Muhamma Hayat Sindhi and was editor of “Events of Sehwistan” newspaper from the Government of King Akbar in Sehwan. According to Dr Abdul Majeed Memon newspaper innovation and events presenting made great progress during mughal period Abul Fazl describes the importance of events presenting in constitutions of Akbar that writing the events of Sultan is important not only for the development of government and management but is important for every class people and ratified the splender of council. Although we get direction of this in ancient time but in actual fact people of that time aware by this blessed era (period of Akbar). That actualy event invention had done the work of the base of the newspaper invention in that period. Dr Abdul Salam khursheed writes in his essay about the spread of news in that period, that now we have to see that how news was delivered to common people. In the period  of Sultanat E Dehli and  mughal emprors, in this regard this should be remembered that even today in Pak and Hind only five out of thousand people read the newspaper. If we compare present time to a few hundreds years ago that in that time only few people were intrested in news, public was only intrested in in the news of big victories in that time. The way to spread the news was to beat the drum and announce loudly in the city, some times there were announcement in Mosque.the resr appratus of intrest of news were only for rich and sardar’s. in past time the newspaper orgnisatios gives great help in prteventing internal peace and external attacks. The newspaper orgnisation was the best source of fulfilling the public complaints. Newspaper invention got high position in society and it was cempletly free for access and dilevery of news,that news were important to reach every aspect of society,and they were delivered. The tradition of beating drum and loudly announcing was older,which was a way of conveying message and News delivery. The first period of newspaper in world has no any authenticated history,  but research proved that begning of supplying news to public was from country china, the name of first newspaper was (Tsing pao), which was printed by wood blocks. Some people had opinion that the first news paper was “Ekta Devorna” which was orignated from Rom in Roman language in time period  of Julius Caesar. The meaning of Ekta Devorna is “daily events” it had two parts, one “Ekta Sainta” and second was “Ekta publica” the first part was short group of of gevernmental notifications, in which news of Wars, results of elections,announcements of entertainment programs,announcements of religious rituals and news punishments, and in second part “Ekta Publica” news related to public were printed. This newspaper was published with the certificate of government in which the numbers letters of both  death and birth, the cash deposit in treasury, province food and other news related to to this, Royal travel, Carwan programs, Court circular, and speeches in parliament were published, At the dawn the sardar’s and their ladies read this gazette with keen intrest. According to some traditions chinese newspaper “Tichau” is considered one of the oldest newspaper. This newspaper is also called “packing Gazette”. This newspaper had about 20 to 40 pages.this newspaper had the status of governmental gazette. This newspaper runs out from 618 to 905.the written journalism in Europe begins from 70^th century.