Saifullah Sindhi Journalism History- 2 Eng
Sindhi Journalism 2
Saifullah Bhurt
BS III-2k18/MC/132
Translation
A Assigned by: Sir Sohail Sangi
Newspaper and Magazine Production
صحافت سنڌي
Sindhi Journalism 2
‘Un written Journalism’ had started a long ago in Sindh, but the history
of written Sindhi journalism can be divided into major five periods, whereas Sindhi
print media has a separate period. First period starts from 1858, when
‘Fawaid-Al-Akhbar’(لاخبارفوائد ) started from
Karachi, which although was not fully written in Sindhi, but published in Sindhi
as well as in Persian for the first time. Second period started from 1911 and
ended in 1947 with Pakistan’s came into being. That period was full of rapid
movements and stress, during that period countless Sindhi newspaper and
magazine were published. Third period started with countries independence and
came to an end in 1989. In that period Sindhi publication made long strides and
litho and offset printing started. Fourth period started after 1989, in that
period a new wave of progress started and Sindhi magazine were published
through computers.
After
occupying Sindhi in 1843 British saw that Persian was Sindhi’s official
language, rather encouraging that, they intended to support their own language,
but they were forced to change this plane and pay attention towards national
Sindhi language. British officials needed awareness about local national language
to understand matters. In 1853 arrangements were made in Sindhi alphabetAlif
and ba(ب –الف) were added and was
declared as official language. Although those efforts were being made at one
hand, on the other hand British government was very cautious about newspapers
and they made sure that the write of interpretation of people was never
performed in a proper manner. They tried their best that people of Sindh should
not establish their traditional contacts among themselves and with neighbors,
and for that strict press laws were introduced and thus they made it very hard
for local people to issue newspapers and at lastBritish government took control
of that as well. In 1844 on the instructions Sir Charles Napier first English
newspaper ‘Karachi Advertiser’ was issued, which continued for 8 years. In 1854
second English newspaper ‘Sindhian’ (ڌينسن) and third Sindh Qasid (قاصدسنڌ) were
issued from Karachi. Theissuers were Doorabji and Pochaji two Persian. ‘Sindh
qasid’ was also a English newspaper, whose editor was W.H Stange. That’s how
news writing officially started in Sindhi with ‘Karachi Advertiser’ in 1844.
According to Dr. Abdul Salam khursheed‘Karachi Advertiser’ retains the honor of
being the first newspaper of the territories now forming in Pakistan’ but at
the same time Dr. Abdul Salam Khursheed also said that the first newspaper,
which raised voice against oppression and violence of Sir Charles Napier’s government,
was ‘Bombay Advertiser’. Although Persian Language was deprived of government
financing but because of its influence was not to be written off. In 1855
Persian newspaper named ‘Mafrah-ul-Quloob’ (القلوبمفرح ) was issued from Karachi.
Whose editor was Shams-ul-ulma Mirza MukhlisAli. He was a high level
intellectual, poet and journalist. Along with that more newspaper were issued
in Persian such as ‘Mutlaekhursheed’ (خورشيدمطلع) and ‘Uklel’ (ڪليل ا), but‘Mafrah-ul-Quloob’(القلوبمفرح) was unique
among them. The importance of the newspaper was realized by its buyers and
readers which included kings of Muscat, Iran,
Afghanistan, father of Sir Agha Khan Shah Ali Shah, Nawab of AwadhWajid Ali
Shah and Mirs of Khairpur. After the death of Mirza Sahab his son Mirza
Muhammad Shaffi took over the responsibilities of his duties and continued his
mission. After the demiseof Mirza Muhammad Shaffi his brothers Mirza Muhammad
Sadiq and Muhammad Jaffar Carried responsibilities on their shouldersand ran
newspapers till 1912. The services of Mirza Jaffar were highly regarded not
only in journalism but also in the field of education. On May 15th 1858 a
weekly newspaper in Sindhi and Persian was issued on official level from
Karachi, named Fawad-ul-Akhbar (لاخبارفوائد), it was published in
government press and its main objects were topics of education and progress.
The newspaper was distributed in schools. In 1816 ‘Mutlaekhursheed’ (خورشيدمطلع) was published under the
supervision of Mirza Muhammad Mukhlis Ali. It had same characteristic that one
column of it was published in Sindhi and other in Persian. If we look at it,
this was first Newspaper to lay the foundation for Sindhi journalism on private
level. Fawad-ul-Akhbar (لاخبارفوائد) had huge importance as
basic status in Sindhi Journalism, it created capacity for sindhi news writing
for the first time, but in this case ‘Mutlaekhursheed’ (خورشيدمطلع) is more important
because it is recognized as first newspaper at government and private level.
But the first newspaper which was Acknowledged as complete Sindhi newspaper was
weekly, ‘Sindhi Sudhar’(ڌار س سنڌ), which British
government issued under their surveillance with the intention to convey their
policies to public in 1866. This was published by education department of Sindh
government on their publication center established on litho. First editor of
this newspaper was NarainJaganathwadia, he was deputy inspector in education
department as well. Then he was replaced by mirza SadiqAli as editor of the
newspaper, after that Sadhu Heranand also served as editor of the newspaper.
Circulation of the newspaper was 700, which was ahuge number those days. Sadhu
Herananad also became editor of a English newspaper named ‘Sindh Times’ (ٽائيمزسنڌ ) in 1884, when
newspaper came out of supervision of government organization and came under a
private organization ‘Sindh Sabha’( سڀاسنڌ )on terms that newspaper
will continue to publish stories related to education and schools.
According To Professor Mangha Ram Malkani:
“There was combindly a political party of Hindu, Muslim and Persian in Karachi
named ‘Sindh Sabha’(سڀاسنڌ), ‘Sindh Times’ (ٽائيمزسنڌ) was published under its
banner, Sadhu Heranand did B.A from Kolkata in 1884 And was appointed as the
editor of newspaper and he was also appointed as overseer of Sindh newspaper,
in which along with news publishing educational and literature related subjects
were part of it”.
According
to Shams ululma Mirza Qaleechbaig: “ Hassan Ali affandi was also part of ‘Sindh Sabha’( سڀاسنڌ ), but later on he left on having some Concerns over interest
of Sindhi Muslims in the organization and then established separate institution ‘Sindh Muhammadan Association’(يئيشنايسوسمحمدنسنڌ). And on his success
there were some of Muslims and Hindus who got jealous ofhim”. Mirza Muhammad
sadiq issued a newspaper named ‘Uklel’ (ڪليل ا) from Karachi in 1870, which couldn’t survive for more than 5
years, it was published in Persian. Before that in 1868 another weekly
government newspaper ‘Sindh official Gazate’
( ٽگزيآفيشلسنڌ) was issued, which
mostly published orders from government, one of the feature of this was that it
was published in English but was translated in Sindhi for general public. It
was published in commissioner Sindh’s press in Karachi and was distributed in
government offices, the newspaper was completely published in Sindhi and issued
from private organization was ‘MoeenulIslam’ (الاسلاممعين) which was also
issued by Mirza Muhammad Sadiq in 1880 from Karachi. Famous Sindhi poet Ghulam
Murtaza Shah Thattvi wrote few lines in the praise of ‘Uklel’ (ڪليل ا) and ‘MoeenulIslam’ (الاسلام معين) in his writing ‘Yousef Zulekha’
(زليخانيوسف)
،عمدياخبارجا‘اڪليل’ڪڍي
، عمديبسيارفارسيمنجهاران
،اخبارجاسنڌيآهي معين
.بارگوهرڄڻساآهيبرابر
It was the
period, when it was realized that Muslims had lake of knowledge about English
and ‘Indian Muhammadan Association’ (ائسوسيئيشنمحمدنانڊين) was created to bring political
awareness to Muslims andlet them understand policies of Britain and Hindus, which
wasn’t possible without having knowledge of English. This movement had its
effects on Sindh as well and with efforts from Hassan Ali Affandi ‘Sindh
Muhammadan Association’ (يئيشنايسوسمحمدنسنڌ) was founded, Sindh MadarsatulIslamwas
established under its banner in 1885. Under the supervision of this institution
to spread the Aim mentioned above a weekly newspaper was issued named
‘MuawainMajmua’(مجمعمعاون), which played a massive
role in bringing political awareness to Muslims and made them realize the
importance of English education. Few of the editors of newspaper in the
beginning were Molvi Muhammad Usman Noor Nagzado, Allah BuxAbojho and Shams
Uddin ‘Bulbul’ (بلبل). In 1890 Sadhu Novalraiand
Diya Ram Giddumal combine, with cooperation of Sadhu Heranandfirst depository
of Sindhi language named ‘SarSuti’ ’(سرسوتي) was
issued. Sadhu heranand was its editor. This depository served Sindhi language
and literature in a big way. Mr. Khan Chand Partab was its Editor in last days.
Same Khan Chand also became principal of academy school Hyderabad in 1917 and
during that time he published a book on the life of Dewan Diya Ram Jethmal
(Sindh College Karachi isnamed after him). In 1895 newspaper ‘Aftab Sindh’ (ڌسنآفتاب) and ‘Patra’ (پترا)were
issued. Seth Haji Ahmed who belonged to Sukkur was owner of ‘Aftab Sindh’ (ڌسنآفتاب) and its editor was Shams Uddin ‘Bulbul’ (بلبل)and editor of ‘Patra’ (پترا) wasTarachandShoqeram, who was educational translator of Sindh
government and elder brother of Sadhu Hiranand. ‘Aftab Sindh’ (ڌسنآفتاب) was published according to the temperament of Muslims at that
time and played a big role in creating awareness in Muslims about their
political rights. The newspaper under the supervision of Shams Uddin ‘Bulbul’ (بلبل) gave tough competition to ‘Hind Wasi’ (واسيهند) of Hindus and ‘Al Ameen’ (الامين) ofMuslims in the field news writing.
Aligarh
think-tank specially had a big influence on ‘Aftab Sindh’ (ڌسنآفتاب). Because of the writing power that ‘Bulbul’ (بلبل) possessed, ‘Aftab Sindh’ (ڌسنآفتاب) got the honor of playing a historical and unique role in
politics and Journalism of Sindh. Almost in that same period various notable
weekly newspaper were issued, which included ‘Sindhi’(سنڌي) by ViromalBegraj from Sukkur, ‘KhairKhuwah’(خيرخواهه) from Larkana and ‘Musafir’(مسافر) from Hyderabad. Shams Uddin‘bulbul’ (بلبل) served as editor for both ‘KhairKhuwah’(خيرخواهه) and ‘Musafir’(مسافر). Pir Muhammad Ali Rashidi in his book ‘uhedenhuheshenh’(شينهناهيڏينهناهي) wrote about ‘KhairKhuwah’(خيرخواهه): “That it was a flattery piece, most arcuate writings were
published, hence with the start of National Movement the newspaper lost it
reputation”.
Sindhi Journalism History- 2
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